Every
morning at Matins, when we pray the Apostle's Creed, we pray the
phrase, “He descended to the dead” as in “He suffered under
Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to
the dead.” And for such a bold but unexplained statement I find the
way our Eastern Christian brothers and sisters understand theology a
much more comfortable way to approach such a mystery. For the
Orthodox, theology is, well, an art form. It is as much about icons,
poetry, hymnody, liturgy and prayer, as it is about intellect and
study. It's not that they don't engage in lots of study, they
certainly do. But that's not the only thing they do to seek Christ,
as we might say in our Benedictine tradition. And make no mistake,
theology for the Orthodox is not so much an academic pursuit, but
rather the very seeking of Christ.
Now
many people have told me over the years that Holy Saturday is, for
them, a day of emptiness. A few will say, a day of waiting or
anticipation, but most of those who have spoken to me about it say
that they experience Holy Saturday as a day that is empty. Akin,
perhaps, to the day after a funeral of a loved one. And while I am
not going to tell you how or what to feel today, I would like to
suggest that there is another approach to Holy Saturday, an approach
that is artful, prayerful, even mystical. But one that I think is
available to all of us.
Within
the Eastern tradition there are many approaches to the descent of
Christ to the dead, or into hell as it is often termed. But it is the
approach that Cyril of Alexandria takes, that most appeals to me.
Cyril takes the view that Christ, after his death, descended to hell
to preach to all those who were present there. And in so doing, as he
says in his Paschal Homilies,
Christ “destroyed hell and opened the impassable gates for the
departed spirits. He left the devil there abandoned and lonely.”
Now pre-Christian hell was conceived not as we sometimes think about it as a place where unrepentant sinners go. Rather, it was a place for the dead. For
anyone who has died. In their thinking, the Fathers of the Church were divided on
what the spiritual consequences of being dead before the time of
Christ were, but it is clear for them that all humanity descended to
this nether world of captivity.
Now let's just take that it in for a moment. Christ,
having just been murdered in a gruesome way, continues to experience
what all humanity experiences by descending to the dead. He descended to hell to preach to the dead. Christ's plan for salvation is not
only for those who were living during his earthly life or for those
who would come in the future. No, Christ's plan for salvation is for
all of humanity for all time. That includes, according to Cyril, not
only the Righteous Jews, but also all pagans. Those two groups, for
him, represented all of humanity at the time of Christ.
If we extrapolate out the modern understanding of
what the totality of humanity consists of, that means that Christ was
preaching to people who had been dead, in some cases, for millions of
years. And the theological point that I think is important here is
that Christ's plan for salvation is for all the living, all the dead,
all those yet to be born. And Christ will stop at nothing to preach,
reach, touch, save, love all of us. All of humanity. Every member of
every religion, every race, every culture, every language group.
Every captive.
The Russian Orthodox monk and theologian Bishop
Hilarion Alfeyev, says that “Clearly, Cyril perceived the victory
of Christ over hell and death as complete and definitive. According
to Cyril, hell loses authority both over those who were in its power
and those who are to become its prey in the future. Thus, the descent
into Hades, a single and unique action, is perceived as a timeless
event. The raised body of Christ becomes the guarantee of universal
salvation, the beginning of leading human nature to ultimate
deification.”
What humanity experiences on Holy Saturday is
something outside of chronos, chronological human time, and is
better understood as being experienced in kairos, that is, a
season for God to act in a time that humanity may not fully grasp.
That experience of Holy Saturday is nothing less than the emptying of
hell because Christ desires for humanity to turn from worshiping
death toward worshiping Him, the very fountain of life.
However, though Christ has led captivity captive and
brought salvation even to the nether world, the lure of death and
hell are powerful. Even though Christ has emptied hell, he still
searches among the dead, the lost, because so often we human beings
seem to have some kind of proclivity to choose death rather than
life, to make our own hells on earth. Just think about the last
hundred years and the way in which humanity has created its own hell
by continuing to turn from worshiping God in order to worship death:
Death in the form of mustard gas, concentration camps, killing
fields, lynch mobs, napalm, drones, nuclear weapons.
From the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in
1914, to the latest drone attack that occurred in Yemen this morning,
humanity has chosen, time and again, in an unprecedented way over
these last hundred years, to worship death and to create our own
hells on earth, even though Christ left the devil “abandoned and
lonely”. It has been a century of darkness and death.
This proclivity for darkness and death is almost
beyond the explainable, yet even now, Christ will never give up on
us. Just as he searched the darkest corners of hell to save every
member of the human family, Christ still searches for us even as we
modern humans have embraced an unprecedented worship of death. And
that embrace is sadly shared by all of us. For most of us in this
church, that embrace is shared primarily through ambivalence or
complacency. But that complacency allows the purveyors of death to
rule our lives whether we want to admit that or not.
And so my invitation to all of you this Holy Saturday
is to listen for Christ's preaching in those areas of your life in
which you might have died. Has your zeal for peace died within you?
Has the virtue of love for the least brother or sister died within
you? Has your greatest patience with prayer or service to the poor
died within you? Listen my sisters and brothers with the ear of your
heart and know that Christ preaches to that which may have died
within you this day. Christ never gives up on you! Not on any of you!
And knowing that – believing that – will then
give us the strength we need to accompany Christ into all the darkest
places that we human beings have created on earth. Those places where
we as a people have died: in the slums we have established in order
to neglect the poor; in the camps we've filled with refugees we'd
rather fence in than liberate; in the limousines of gun manufacturers
who are laughing all the way to the bank as our children are
slaughtered in their classrooms; in the factories of death that our
government calls nuclear weapons laboratories.
Let us go to those places and preach like Christ to
the dead. Let us announce this Holy Saturday, that a new and
different century is about to begin - a Century of Light and Life. A
century in which we preach, reach, touch, save, love all of humanity.
Let us proclaim that Christ suffered under Pontius Pilate, was
crucified, died, and was buried. That he descended to the dead. That
on the third day he rose again and that he ascended to heaven. From
where, this Holy Saturday, he sends us forth to preach to the dead.
Holy Saturday empty? I'd ask you to consider a different approach in
your prayer today. AMEN.
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ReplyDeleteThis is a highly excellent post, Brother James.
ReplyDelete